SCQ: Write short notes on any two in about 100 words each:

SCQ: Write short notes on any two in about 100 words each:


13. (ii) Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, extending the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on premise that global warming exists and man-made CO2 emissions have caused it.
Developed countries are responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, the Protocol places a burden on developed nations under principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities."
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. The detailed rules for implementation of Protocol were adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh, Morocco, in 2001, and are referred as the "Marrakesh Accords." Its first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012.

(iii) Social Structure

Social Structure is a patterned set of rules. The term has been used by several social scientists in various ways , because of its various interpretations the concept of social structure can sometimes be confusing and difficult to grasp . Social Structure does not refer to a concrete reality like a building frame, for example , it is a frame nevertheless , a pattern of inter-relationships that have been found enduring and long –lasting .

Social Structure is a set of rules which are made by human being that are liable to change in the long run. In order to say that a structure exists, it must persist over time. Although change is always possible, small groups and larger organisations do not change easily. Thus structure do not change over time, despite their enduring character. Social Structure reflect some dimensions of interaction such as power, economic resources, prestige, value, etc.