Friday, 22 January 2016

DCQ: Answer any two in about 500 words each.



DCQ: Answer any two in about 500 words each.

1. Discuss the salient features of the post-industrial society.


Some of the features of the post-industrial society:
       I.            People work with other people to deliver a service:
In the post-industrialism, the workers do not work upon things; they work with other people to deliver a service. This provides a more rewarding and interesting form of work.
    II.            Transformation of working class to professional middle class:
The post-industrialism creates a new professional class in place of labour class. In new society, the working class does not exist.

 III.            Emergence of knowledge elites:
The emphasis in post-industrial society is on knowledge as the source of societal change.

 IV.            Growth of multiple networks:
In the post-industrial society there are combined advances in communication technologies, systems of management and technologies of production. As a result of this, there is growth of multiple networks between corporations.

    V.            Divide in society:
The debate on the future state of post-industrial society also deals with the problem of the structure of such a society.
There appeared a vast change in the kinds of work: the occupational structure witnessed professional change and manual labour gave way to service class sector.

 VI.            Majority sell labour at cheap rates:
Gorz elaborating his thesis of unemployment in post-industrial society says that the knowledge society remains restricted to professional class only. The labour in this situation remains out of employment.

VII.            Post-industrial turn: Towards social and economic polarization:
There has indeed been a shift away from industrialism. In broad terms, this movement can be identified with a shift in the balance of the western economies from a manufacturing to a service base, primarily in terms of employment, although it is often extended to include the output of an economy.

VIII.            Knowledge and information:
There are disagreements on the social and economic forms of coming society, i.e., industrial society, but for one thing there is certainty. Knowledge and information, are the prime features of this society.

 IX.            Sharp gender division:
Normally, the labour force during industrialism consisted of males who worked manually. But, with the coming of micro-electronics and information technologies, there appeared gender inequality in the professional class. In post-industrialism, the women outnumber the male technocrats.

New character of modern economy: Globalization:
All those who have written on postmodern society, have shown their concern for the new economy. They argue that there has appeared a decisive change in the earlier industrial economy. They characterize the new economy by the name of globalization. In other words, the postmodern society is heading towards global society.
Globalization is one of the most visible consequences of post-industrial society.

Interaction between the informational mode of development and the restructuring of capitalism:
The coming up of post-industrial society has brought out tremendous change in the capital formation.
Lionel Stoleru made a characteristic observation on postmodern industrialism:
A wave of technological advances has rendered a whole series of jobs unnecessary and reduced employment on a huge scale without creating an equivalent number of jobs elsewhere. Such a process of production reshapes the whole economy and gives a boost to the development of economy. The post-industrialism thus means rise of capitalism. This rise is basically related to informational mode of development.
Components of capitalism in post-industrialism are:
·         Information technologies,
·         Organizational mode of development.
These two modes are responsible for rise in capitalism.
·         Information Technologies:
The ways by which information technology restructures capitalism:
(1) It increases the rate of profit. Productivity is enhanced by the introduction of micro-electronics.
 (2) The new technology also initiates and encourages the process of internationalization of the economy.
(3) There is rapid rise in new transportation technologies emerging from the use of computers and new materials.
All these factors resulted in the growth of capitalism during post-industrialism.
·         Organizational components:
The ways which contributes to growth of capitalism:
(1) The result of information is the flexible production affecting the relationships among its units.
(2) Flexibility is also a necessary condition for the formation of the new world economy.
    X.            Post-industrialism: Dynamics and trends:
The dynamics of post-industrialism consist of knowledge and use of information and its other composites, namely:
(1) Services,
(2) Multi-national corporations,
(3) Information technologies,
(4) Informational mode of development,
(5) Information occupations,
(6) Think work,
(7) Knowledge elites,
(8) New servile class,
(9) Uneven global development, and
(10) New social movements.





3.Discuss the role of family in our society.


It has been said that the family is the bedrock of society and can be proven by the fact that all over the world every society is structured by the same pattern. A man and woman marry and form a family. This process is repeated multiple times making multiple families which form villages, regions, and eventually countries. When several countries come together they form a continent and all of the continents make up the world. The foundation of this entire process is the family. The family has a crucial role in society by being a model of love in three different aspects; love for the children, love between husband and wife, and finally love in promoting moral values.
As people we are created to be visual with a need to see illustrated models of things that are important to our lives, especially the love relationship between children and their parents. As children we learn everything by watching the examples or models of others such as eating and walking. The family functions the same way. The role of the family is to give a good model so that others within the society can imitate resulting in the edification of the society.
One of the most important roles of the family in society is to show the much needed model of love between husband and wife. The husband – wife relationship is to by loving each other on a daily basis, cherishing and nourishing each other as the most precious thing in their lives. A model is greatly needed within society because in most cases there is a lack of models for families and individuals to see and imitate. If these principles were to be applied then the society would radically change for the better giving people happiness, as each generation follows in the footsteps of the previous one.
During this crucial time in history while moral values are declining, the family must love moral values by living according to and promoting them throughout the easily misguided society. Many values could be listed but the focus will be kept on the ones that are hot topics in the world today being: sexual immorality, homosexuality, and abortion. The family must be a model and demonstrate the fact that the sexual relationship has a place only in marriage between a husband and wife. Mothers and fathers must teach their children about the importance of maintaining their virginity until marriage and that there is no such thing as safe sex outside of marriage. The family must promote marriage as being between one man and one woman and that any other marital relationship outside of this is harmful as well as dangerous. Families must discourage abortion because it is taking innocent lives. If society aborts its future generations then who will be here to welcome the future?
The family has a decisive role having the capacity and responsibility to impact the entire society by its positive example. The parents must show love towards their children by spending time with them and building intimate, personal relationships. Spouses must love each other. In order to fulfil its role in society the family will educate children in moral values so that they will mature and pass on these values to the future generations making society a safe and happy place for all people to live and enjoy.

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